**1. Ex-Situ Soil Bioremediation**  
 Degrade and stabilize organic pollutants through the addition of air,nutrients and moisture, enhance microbial processes.

**2. Pump and Treat**  
 Pump the contaminated groundwater to the ground surface and treat the extracted polluted groundwater.

**3. In-Situ Enhanced Bioremediation (Bioaugmentation)**  
 Accelerate the growth of indigenous microorganisms at the site to enhance biodegradation and treat organic pollutants in the environment.

**4. Biosparging / Air Sparging**  
 Involves the injection of air or oxygen through a contaminated aquifer to accelerate biodegradation, or strip volatile or semi-volatile organic pollutants to the unsaturated zone for treatment.

**5. Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE)**  
 Applies a vacuum to volatilize contaminants in the soil, removing volatile and some semi-volatile organic pollutants. The extracted soil gas can be recovered or treated before discharge.

**6. Soil Washing**  
 Perform particle size separation in aqueous systems, or dissolve and suspend pollutants in the liquid phase, to reduce or concentrate the amount of contaminated soil.

**7. Double Packer Injection (DPI)**  
 Use injection techniques to introduce remediation agents through a packer at various depths under pressure, promoting horizontal distribution of the agents within the limited injection interval and transferring them to low-permeability strata.

**8. In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)**  
 Inject oxidants into the contaminated strata to transform pollutants into harmless or less toxic substances through oxidative reactions.

**9. Soil Thermal Desorption**  
 Expose the contaminated soil to high temperatures to separate pollutants from the soil.